The Chairmaker Part II
9. The marking gauge (Reissmass), fig. VI, of the chairmaker differs somewhat from the marking gauge of the other woodworkers. Only a single four-sided rod, c & d, is inserted into the stock a & b, whereas usually there are two rods inserted in the stock, p. 146. In contrast to this, the aforementioned marking gauge has a pin on two sides of the rod, d & e. The one pin is further from the stock, a & b, than the other, and with them the chairmaker lays out the mortise. As the mortise must be a little narrower than the tenon, the tenon is scribed without it being necessary to move the beam, c & d, in the stock, a & b. These tools have already been thoroughly discussed in a previous chapter, p. 146.
10. The chairmaker holds the piece of wood to the planing bench with the hold fast (Bankhacken) when he wants to saw off something, cut a tenon, or shape curves. The foot, a & b, fig. 10, of the hold fast is inserted in a hole in the planing bench, and smaller work pieces are pressed between [the bench] and the arm of the hold fast, a & c, thereby causing the foot of the hold fast, a & b, to tilt at an inclined angle in the hole of the planing bench in which it is placed, securely clamping the wood. The wood so clamped can be cut, being held fast by the arm, a & c.
11. Besides the usual screw clamps that the cabinetmaker is in possession of, (Vol. I, p. 72), the chairmaker has a special bar clamp, fig. XIV, that he fastens to two pieces of wood far apart from one another. Both legs, a & c and a & d, join at right angles, [and] the latter, a & d, containing a screw, c. Between the arm, a & d, and the foot, f & g, the chairmaker is able to clamp the wood pieces in the bar clamp. Since the wood pieces can be further apart from one another or closer together, the foot, f & g, on the leg can be moved up or down. It (the foot) is fitted with a rivet, h, attached to the moveable hook, b & h, and this hook can be laid into one or another of the notches of the teeth, b & c. In order that the foot, f & g, won't move during usage, it has behind g & i a tenon that falls into a groove of the leg, a & c without being fastened to it.
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